5/21/2023 0 Comments Define red herring fallacy![]() use irrelevant appeals to divert attention from the issue at hand.represent yourself as informed or an “expert” on a subject when you are not.intentionally use unsupported, misleading, or illogical reasoning.use false, fabricated, misrepresented, distorted or irrelevant evidence to support arguments or claims.His main points reiterate many of the points across this chapter and should be kept in mind as you prepare, and present, your persuasive message. In his book Ethics in Human Communication Johannesen (1996) offers eleven points to consider when speaking to persuade. While you may raise the issue that the ends justify the means, and you are “doing it for the audience’s own good,” recognize the unethical nature of coercion. You make someone do something they would not choose to do freely. It circumvents the normal protocol for personal gain, and again is a strategy that misleads your audience.Ĭoercion is the use of power to compel action. Deception can involve intentional bias, or the selection of information to support your position while framing negatively any information that might challenge your belief.īribery involves the giving of something in return for an expected favour, consideration, or privilege. No one likes to be lied to, or made to believe something that is not true. In the same way, deception involves the use of lies, partial truths, or the omission of relevant information to deceive your audience. Your audience expects you to treat them with respect, and deliberately manipulating them by means of fear, guilt, duty, or a relationship is unethical. Manipulation involves the management of facts, ideas or points of view to play upon inherent insecurities or emotional appeals to one’s own advantage. Why do you think that deceiving your audience, bribing a judge, or coercing people to do something against their wishes is wrong? These tactics violate our sense of fairness, freedom, and ethics. We can recognize that each of these elements in some ways has a negative connotation associated with it. Each element relates to persuasion, but in distinct ways. ![]() What comes to mind when you think of speaking to persuade? Perhaps the idea of persuasion may bring to mind propaganda and issues of manipulation, deception, intentional bias, bribery, and even coercion.
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